In Russia smoke more than 60 % of the population, and children try the first cigarette already in the third class, the deputy director of scientific research institute of pulmonology ФМБА of Russia, the expert of the World organisation of public health services (CART) on struggle against a tobacco smoking in Russia Nikolay Antonov on the eve of the International day of refusal of the smoking marked in the world on November, 19th has declared RIA Novosti news agency.
Smokers in the Russian Federation - the majority
By data the CART, in the world of 90 % of death from a cancer of lungs, 75 % - from a chronic bronchitis and 25 % - from an ischemic heart trouble are caused by smoking. Each ten seconds on a planet one chain smoker dies, by 2020 this level can raise to one person for three seconds.
“Our country is considered one of the smokers in the world because if 50 % of the population there are more smokes, this country carry to number of the countries with high distribution of smoking. At us smokes more than 60 %”, - has told Antons.
In day refusal of smoking millions smokers voluntary for one day or more refuse smoking. In the Russian Federation “the International day of refusal of smoking” is spent since 1992. Work on carrying out of day of refusal of smoking last two years considerably became more active.
According to Antonova, on different regions of Russia among the man's population the quantity of smokers reaches 70 %-75 %, prevalence of smoking among women is slightly less - 35 %-40 %.
Cigarettes began to involve women and children
According to the expert, in those countries where there is an active struggle against smoking, among the man's population the quantity of smokers decreases. Therefore, the companies which are letting out cigarettes, do the advertising focused on a female and teenage part of the population and by that there the quantity of smokers among these categories of the population grows.
“These thin beautiful cigarettes, active work with rising generation, lead to that during the last years prevalence of smoking among women and among kiddies” sharply increases, - has told Antons.
According to the expert, children try the first cigarette in 10 years or in the third class, and to leaving school of an order of 30 % of boys become smokers.
“It is considered that 50 %-55 % of kiddies to the termination school tried cigarettes”, - the expert has noted.
Smokers live less for 10-15 years
According to Antonova, life expectancy at chain smokers is reduced at least to 10-15 years. Plus to everything, all smokers suffer chronic pulmonary diseases.
“Smoking is a risk factor more than 15 every possible cancers, it is at the bottom of diseases бронхолегочных pathologies, cardiovascular, эндокринологии. And death rate, naturally, increases, and life expectancy falls at these people a minimum for 10-15 years”, - he has underlined.
Antons does not recommend to chain smokers at which high nicotinic dependence, to give up smoking independently, but only under supervision of the doctor. He considers that the negative moment of refusal of smoking is fixed further in memory at these people and repeated attempts, as a rule, happen not so successful.
“Refusal of smoking is a process. Not necessarily from one attempt to throw, them can be both two, and three”, - the expert has told.
Antons considers that for today is not present any it is unique a correct and effective method of treatment which on 100 % would relieve the person of tobacco dependence.
“Unfortunately, it is enough challenge and efficiency of refusal of smoking depends on ability of the doctor, from ways of treatment and fluctuates from 30 % to 60 %-70 %”, - the expert summarised.
Socially responsible tobacco
In turn, many tobacco companies prefer not to make comments on a smoking problem directly, declaring that all largest manufacturers have social programs, including directed on struggle against teenage smoking. It is expressed, for example, in support of activity of public organisations, in which centre of attention there is a tobacco smoking problem.
Manufacturers inform sellers on legal aspects and the legislative restrictions existing in a trade area by their production, have informed RIA Novosti news agency in the Russian representations “Filip Morris of International” and Japan Tobacco International (JTI). Besides, the companies provide retail with thematic evident materials which take places in shops where tobacco products are realised. For example, it is the label informing on an interdiction of sale of cigarettes to citizens, not reached 18 years.
As the director of department for corporate questions аффилированных the companies “Filip Morris of International” in Russia Alexey Kim, Philip Morris has told RIA Novosti news agency, for example, voluntary puts on packing of cigarettes the information that sale of cigarettes by the minor is forbidden.
“We are convinced that only the adult person in a condition to make the informed decision in advantage or against smoking”, - has noted Kim.
Thursday 19 November 2009
Thursday 12 November 2009
Has put tobacco
One year ago Russia ratified the Frame convention of the World organisation of public health services (CART) on struggle against the use табакосодержащей production. The bill prepared by committee of the State Duma on health protection and presented one of these days to consideration to the authorities, is directed on realisation of the basic postulates of the convention which come into force in territory of Russia in 2010.
National strategy on struggle against smoking has been developed within the limits of the biennial agreement of Minzdravsotsrazvitija of the Russian Federation and the CART and means by itself essential changes in the Federal law «About restriction of smoking of tobacco». Authors of the bill are assured that introduction of the measures offered by them will promote improvement of health of Russians and as a whole the quantity of the smokers, which share, under the statistical data of company Businesstat will lower, in 2008 has made 40,5 %, that is 59 million persons. Thus one of the most active buyers of cigarettes is the audience at the age from 10 till 19 years — in a rating of the teenage use of tobacco we occupy 4 place. Therefore youth will protect first of all from global popularisation of smoking which as supporters of antitobacco measures consider, takes place to be in modern Russia. So, for example, for the next 5 years in the country tobacco advertising should be completely forbidden, and «Smoking will be dangerous widely known inscription to your health» on cigarette packs to be taken away not 10 %, as now, instead of less than 30 %. Besides, to manufacturers of tobacco production will be refused possibility to act as sponsors of large-scale actions.
Changes will concern not only advertising, but also is direct ways of sale of cigarettes. The new bill provides full elimination of tobacco booths as, according to developers of National strategy on struggle against smoking, stalls are the main reason of availability of cigarettes for minors. However manufacturers of tobacco production consider that similar measures will not result in what to other, as to occurrence of illegal production and illegal points of sale which, unlike retail booths, it will be impossible to supervise.
- Some specific proposals look populist-extremist, — the general director of association of manufacturers of tobacco production "Tabakprom" Vadim Zhelnin has informed the Internet edition BFM.ru. — Today the penalty is 300 roubles on киоскера. Earnings киоскера from one sold pack are less than 3 roubles. To pay back the penalty, it is necessary to sell 100 packs. If someone really watched for киоскерами, this measure would be very effective. A problem that nobody watches it.
According to the offer of legislators tobacco production should be on sale in shops the area not less than 50 sq. metres, thus tobacco POS-terminals (point of sales), located at cash desks, will be liquidated.
- Supermarkets should clean tobacco calculations by which it is impossible to pass without having looked, — the vice-president of committee of the State Duma on health protection has told BFM.ru Nikolay Gerasimenko. — If the new act will be accepted, retail networks will provide in the shops separate halls or sections for cigarettes as it has been made some time ago with alcohol.
Also within the limits of the convention the CART is supposed change of an excise policy. By 2010 the increase in the excise with today's 3,54 to 5 roubles is planned that, according to experts, can lead to increase of cost of cigarettes to 20—25 %.
Besides, in the nearest plans of National committee on the control over tobacco to isolate in cafe and restaurants of a hall for the smokers which area is less than 50 sq. metres. The cigarette smoke all the same gets on territory for those who does not wish to combine food intake with the nicotine use, — legislators consider. In premises, whose area more the than stipulated metric area, it will be authorised to smoke only in specially equipped rooms as what are located today at the airports. Besides, the new bill provides an absolute interdiction for smoking in privately owned vehicles, in territories medical and educational institutions, the institutions concerning culture and sports. The size of the penal sanctions provided for infringement of a new antinicotinic order while is in working out. Authors of the project hope that the law offered by them will be approved by the government of the Russian Federation and will come into force by the end of it is to the beginning of next year, however concrete terms of entering of the bill in the State Duma are not defined yet.
Alexander Gliskov, the deputy of city council:
- I think that it will be unrealizable norms, just as restriction existing today on sale of beer by the minor. Under the law it is impossible to sell, however sales are carried out, and nobody asks the passport buyers. In my opinion, it is necessary to be engaged in preventive maintenance, instead of interdictions because performance of this law could not be supervised. For example, abroad some employers increase wages that who does not smoke and does not drink, — here it is effective measures.
Pavel Rejef, the head сигарного houses Emilio Reyes Cigars, S.A.:
- In general I for acceptance of such law because I am the opponent of cigarettes — cigarettes. Our company is engaged a little bit in other kind of activity: cigars — that is pure tobacco which is more useful, than it is harmful. From pure nicotine there is no dependence, the world community of physicians it recognised for a long time. We do not fall under this bill owing to that our cigars are on sale only in specialised shops where the usual schoolboy will not go. The child cannot simply dare to buy one cigar for 500—700 roubles. And to the law on smoking restriction personally I would offer one more article for consideration: to write, how in Switzerland, on cigarette packs «Smoking is injurious to your health as cigarettes contain the chemical additives causing dependence». The chemistry, instead of the nicotine containing in tobacco, has placed all world on cigarettes, having transformed them into a household drug. As to other points of this law I am assured that so is categorical it will not accept never. A turn of cigarette branch in Russia — one million euro at an o'clock. It is one of the basic articles of incomes of the state. If in cafe and restaurants will forbid zones for smokers, attendance of such institutions will fall at once to 99 %. To lose such profit it is simply unprofitable.
Boris Hasan, the doctor of psychological sciences, the director of Institute of psychology and development pedagogics:
- We again go after the European experts, but not everything that takes root in the West, at us passes as successfully. It is not enough to make the decision — it is necessary it is still high-grade to embody, without arranging various openings and indulgences as it often happens in Russia. Certainly, if the law will accept, painful enough period for many people will begin. Tactically there will be minuses in incomes, but strategically — pluses in health questions. Therefore as a whole attempt to limit smoking quite good; ideologically I on the party of those who accepts these measures. The another matter that at me doubt is concerning realisation of the given project. If similar decisions are not provided by certain echelons of measures, not systematised, they as a result only discredit themselves. Here, for example, have entered an interdiction for a casino and slot machines. But they have gone underground and constantly arise that there then, and penalties are not for breaking the law significant risk. And here. Smoking — strong taken roots habit, therefore, most likely, antitobacco campaign will sweep on our country and will calm down. If to close tobacco stalls — means, cigarettes will start to sell in any other places. And the prices will grow, and among teenagers will be considered as special valour to get tobacco production. In an amicable way if to approve such bill, serious mobilisation of all mass-media is necessary to organise propaganda blow and to hold it. And when someone one for, and the others start to express doubts or to oppose, clear unambiguity of the decision gets to area of liberal reasonings.
Oleg Sipetyj, the general director of a network of supermarkets "Komandor":
- I positively concern the new bill under a condition if it is the general for all shops and supermarkets. Certainly, re-equipment боксов and moving of tobacco production to other place will lead to serious enough one-stage expenses, and sales will fall. But, from my point of view, it will be better. Because on a global scale health of the country is more important, than our local losses. Concerning distribution of alcohol and tobacco we much more lag behind the western countries. When I had to happen abroad, I noticed that the European advertising of cigarettes is made so that tobacco production is to be bought no. And if people buy less cigarettes, means, they will smoke less. Will smoke less — it will be better health — means, they will work, there will be more income — eventually and we too will earn and we compensate all losses.
National strategy on struggle against smoking has been developed within the limits of the biennial agreement of Minzdravsotsrazvitija of the Russian Federation and the CART and means by itself essential changes in the Federal law «About restriction of smoking of tobacco». Authors of the bill are assured that introduction of the measures offered by them will promote improvement of health of Russians and as a whole the quantity of the smokers, which share, under the statistical data of company Businesstat will lower, in 2008 has made 40,5 %, that is 59 million persons. Thus one of the most active buyers of cigarettes is the audience at the age from 10 till 19 years — in a rating of the teenage use of tobacco we occupy 4 place. Therefore youth will protect first of all from global popularisation of smoking which as supporters of antitobacco measures consider, takes place to be in modern Russia. So, for example, for the next 5 years in the country tobacco advertising should be completely forbidden, and «Smoking will be dangerous widely known inscription to your health» on cigarette packs to be taken away not 10 %, as now, instead of less than 30 %. Besides, to manufacturers of tobacco production will be refused possibility to act as sponsors of large-scale actions.
Changes will concern not only advertising, but also is direct ways of sale of cigarettes. The new bill provides full elimination of tobacco booths as, according to developers of National strategy on struggle against smoking, stalls are the main reason of availability of cigarettes for minors. However manufacturers of tobacco production consider that similar measures will not result in what to other, as to occurrence of illegal production and illegal points of sale which, unlike retail booths, it will be impossible to supervise.
- Some specific proposals look populist-extremist, — the general director of association of manufacturers of tobacco production "Tabakprom" Vadim Zhelnin has informed the Internet edition BFM.ru. — Today the penalty is 300 roubles on киоскера. Earnings киоскера from one sold pack are less than 3 roubles. To pay back the penalty, it is necessary to sell 100 packs. If someone really watched for киоскерами, this measure would be very effective. A problem that nobody watches it.
According to the offer of legislators tobacco production should be on sale in shops the area not less than 50 sq. metres, thus tobacco POS-terminals (point of sales), located at cash desks, will be liquidated.
- Supermarkets should clean tobacco calculations by which it is impossible to pass without having looked, — the vice-president of committee of the State Duma on health protection has told BFM.ru Nikolay Gerasimenko. — If the new act will be accepted, retail networks will provide in the shops separate halls or sections for cigarettes as it has been made some time ago with alcohol.
Also within the limits of the convention the CART is supposed change of an excise policy. By 2010 the increase in the excise with today's 3,54 to 5 roubles is planned that, according to experts, can lead to increase of cost of cigarettes to 20—25 %.
Besides, in the nearest plans of National committee on the control over tobacco to isolate in cafe and restaurants of a hall for the smokers which area is less than 50 sq. metres. The cigarette smoke all the same gets on territory for those who does not wish to combine food intake with the nicotine use, — legislators consider. In premises, whose area more the than stipulated metric area, it will be authorised to smoke only in specially equipped rooms as what are located today at the airports. Besides, the new bill provides an absolute interdiction for smoking in privately owned vehicles, in territories medical and educational institutions, the institutions concerning culture and sports. The size of the penal sanctions provided for infringement of a new antinicotinic order while is in working out. Authors of the project hope that the law offered by them will be approved by the government of the Russian Federation and will come into force by the end of it is to the beginning of next year, however concrete terms of entering of the bill in the State Duma are not defined yet.
Alexander Gliskov, the deputy of city council:
- I think that it will be unrealizable norms, just as restriction existing today on sale of beer by the minor. Under the law it is impossible to sell, however sales are carried out, and nobody asks the passport buyers. In my opinion, it is necessary to be engaged in preventive maintenance, instead of interdictions because performance of this law could not be supervised. For example, abroad some employers increase wages that who does not smoke and does not drink, — here it is effective measures.
Pavel Rejef, the head сигарного houses Emilio Reyes Cigars, S.A.:
- In general I for acceptance of such law because I am the opponent of cigarettes — cigarettes. Our company is engaged a little bit in other kind of activity: cigars — that is pure tobacco which is more useful, than it is harmful. From pure nicotine there is no dependence, the world community of physicians it recognised for a long time. We do not fall under this bill owing to that our cigars are on sale only in specialised shops where the usual schoolboy will not go. The child cannot simply dare to buy one cigar for 500—700 roubles. And to the law on smoking restriction personally I would offer one more article for consideration: to write, how in Switzerland, on cigarette packs «Smoking is injurious to your health as cigarettes contain the chemical additives causing dependence». The chemistry, instead of the nicotine containing in tobacco, has placed all world on cigarettes, having transformed them into a household drug. As to other points of this law I am assured that so is categorical it will not accept never. A turn of cigarette branch in Russia — one million euro at an o'clock. It is one of the basic articles of incomes of the state. If in cafe and restaurants will forbid zones for smokers, attendance of such institutions will fall at once to 99 %. To lose such profit it is simply unprofitable.
Boris Hasan, the doctor of psychological sciences, the director of Institute of psychology and development pedagogics:
- We again go after the European experts, but not everything that takes root in the West, at us passes as successfully. It is not enough to make the decision — it is necessary it is still high-grade to embody, without arranging various openings and indulgences as it often happens in Russia. Certainly, if the law will accept, painful enough period for many people will begin. Tactically there will be minuses in incomes, but strategically — pluses in health questions. Therefore as a whole attempt to limit smoking quite good; ideologically I on the party of those who accepts these measures. The another matter that at me doubt is concerning realisation of the given project. If similar decisions are not provided by certain echelons of measures, not systematised, they as a result only discredit themselves. Here, for example, have entered an interdiction for a casino and slot machines. But they have gone underground and constantly arise that there then, and penalties are not for breaking the law significant risk. And here. Smoking — strong taken roots habit, therefore, most likely, antitobacco campaign will sweep on our country and will calm down. If to close tobacco stalls — means, cigarettes will start to sell in any other places. And the prices will grow, and among teenagers will be considered as special valour to get tobacco production. In an amicable way if to approve such bill, serious mobilisation of all mass-media is necessary to organise propaganda blow and to hold it. And when someone one for, and the others start to express doubts or to oppose, clear unambiguity of the decision gets to area of liberal reasonings.
Oleg Sipetyj, the general director of a network of supermarkets "Komandor":
- I positively concern the new bill under a condition if it is the general for all shops and supermarkets. Certainly, re-equipment боксов and moving of tobacco production to other place will lead to serious enough one-stage expenses, and sales will fall. But, from my point of view, it will be better. Because on a global scale health of the country is more important, than our local losses. Concerning distribution of alcohol and tobacco we much more lag behind the western countries. When I had to happen abroad, I noticed that the European advertising of cigarettes is made so that tobacco production is to be bought no. And if people buy less cigarettes, means, they will smoke less. Will smoke less — it will be better health — means, they will work, there will be more income — eventually and we too will earn and we compensate all losses.
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